Table of Contents
Understanding Solar Energy
The fundamentals of how solar power works
What is Solar Energy?
Solar energy is power generated from sunlight using photovoltaic (PV) panels. These panels convert sunlight directly into electricity that can power your home, charge batteries, or be exported to the grid. It's a clean, renewable energy source that's becoming increasingly popular in Cyprus due to our exceptional sun exposure.
How Do Solar Panels Work?
Sunlight Absorption
Solar panels are made of photovoltaic cells that absorb photons from sunlight.
Electricity Generation
When photons hit the cells, they knock electrons loose, creating a flow of electricity (DC power).
Power Conversion
An inverter converts the DC electricity into AC electricity that your home can use.
Power Distribution
The electricity powers your home, charges batteries, or gets exported to the grid.
Pro Tip
Modern solar panels can generate electricity even on cloudy days, though at reduced efficiency. Cyprus's 300+ days of sunshine per year make it one of the best locations in Europe for solar energy.
How to Size Your Solar System
Calculate the perfect system size for your home
Choosing the right system size is crucial for maximizing your return on investment. Here's how to determine what you need:
Annual Electricity Consumption
Check your electricity bills to find your annual kWh usage. A typical Cyprus home uses 4,000-8,000 kWh per year.
Available Roof Space
Each kW of solar capacity needs approximately 6-8 square meters of unshaded roof space.
Energy Goals
Decide if you want to cover 100% of consumption, maximize export income, or something in between.
Future Needs
Consider upcoming additions like electric vehicles, pools, or air conditioning that will increase consumption.
Quick Sizing Formula
System Size (kW) = Annual Consumption (kWh) ÷ 1,500
Example: 6,000 kWh ÷ 1,500 = 4 kW system
This is a simplified calculation. Use our calculator for a precise recommendation based on your roof orientation, shading, and energy usage patterns.
Important Note
In Cyprus, residential systems are typically 3-10 kW. Systems larger than 10 kW may require different approvals and connection procedures with the Distribution System Operator (DSO).
Solar System Components
Understanding what makes up a solar installation
Solar Panels
The most visible component, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. Modern panels are highly efficient and durable.
Monocrystalline - Higher efficiency (20-22%), better in high heat, more expensive
Polycrystalline - Good efficiency (15-17%), lower cost, slightly less heat tolerant
Thin Film - Flexible, lightweight, lower efficiency, best for specific applications
Recommendation: We recommend monocrystalline panels for Cyprus due to superior performance in our hot climate.
Inverters
Inverters convert DC electricity from panels into AC electricity for your home. They're the 'brain' of your solar system.
String Inverters - Cost-effective, one inverter for entire system, good for unshaded roofs
Microinverters - One per panel, better for partial shading, easier to expand, higher cost
Hybrid Inverters - Can work with batteries, future-proof, optimal for energy independence
Recommendation: Hybrid inverters are increasingly popular as they allow easy battery addition later.
Mounting Systems
Secure panels to your roof while ensuring optimal angle and weatherproofing.
Tiled Roof Mounts - Most common in Cyprus, hooks attach under tiles
Flat Roof Ballasted - Weighted frames, no roof penetration required
Ground Mounts - For properties with available land, easier maintenance
Recommendation: Professional installation ensures waterproofing and wind resistance up to 180 km/h.
Battery Storage (Optional)
Store excess solar energy for use at night or during power outages. Increasingly popular in Cyprus.
Lithium-Ion - Most common, 10+ year lifespan, 90%+ efficiency, compact
LFP (LiFePO4) - Longer lifespan (15+ years), safer, slightly lower energy density
Lead-Acid - Lower upfront cost, shorter lifespan (3-5 years), requires maintenance
Recommendation: LFP batteries offer the best balance of safety, longevity, and performance for Cyprus homes.
Quality Matters
All our partner installers use Tier 1 components with international certifications (IEC, CE). Premium components may cost 10-15% more but deliver significantly better long-term performance and reliability.
Why Cyprus is Perfect for Solar
Cyprus-specific advantages and policies
Exceptional Sunshine Hours
330+ Days of Sunshine Per Year
Cyprus receives approximately 3,300 hours of sunshine annually - one of the highest in Europe. This translates to exceptional solar generation potential, with systems producing 1,400-1,600 kWh per installed kW annually.
Ideal Climate Conditions
Consistent year-round generation (even winter months are productive)
Minimal snow or storm damage risk
Dry climate reduces panel soiling from rain residue
High solar irradiance levels (1,800-2,000 kWh/m² per year)
Net Metering vs Net Billing
Cyprus offers two schemes for residential solar systems:
Net Metering (Self-Consumption)
Export electricity to the grid and use it later. Ideal for systems up to 10 kW. Your meter 'runs backwards' when exporting, and you only pay for net consumption. Excess credits carry forward monthly but reset annually.
Best for: Most homeowners wanting to maximize self-consumption
Net Billing (Feed-in Tariff)
Sell excess electricity at a fixed rate (currently €0.055-0.075 per kWh depending on system size). You're compensated for all exported energy at the agreed rate for 10-15 years.
Best for: Systems with high export potential, larger installations
You must choose one scheme when applying - consult with your installer to determine which is optimal for your situation.
Simple Grid Connection
The Distribution System Operator (DSO) in Cyprus has streamlined procedures for residential solar connections. Most systems under 10 kW are approved within 2-4 weeks. Your installer will handle all paperwork and coordination.
Maximum Value
To maximize your solar investment in Cyprus, aim for 60-80% self-consumption. Systems that are oversized relative to consumption may not provide optimal ROI under current Net Metering/Net Billing rates.
Costs and Return on Investment
Understanding solar economics in Cyprus
Typical Installation Costs (2025)
Prices in Cyprus vary based on components, installer, and system complexity:
3 kW System: €4,500 - €6,500
5 kW System: €6,500 - €9,000
8 kW System: €9,500 - €13,000
10 kW System: €11,500 - €15,000
Prices include all components, installation, permits, and DSO connection. Battery storage adds €3,000-8,000 depending on capacity.
What Affects Cost?
Panel Brand & Efficiency - Premium brands cost 10-20% more
Inverter Type - Microinverters cost 15-25% more than string inverters
Roof Complexity - Steep angles, difficult access, or multi-level roofs increase labor
Mounting System - Flat roof or ground mounts may cost more than tiled roofs
Battery Storage - Optional but adds significant upfront cost
Warranty Extensions - Some installers offer extended warranties for a fee
Return on Investment
Solar in Cyprus typically offers excellent ROI due to high electricity costs and abundant sunshine:
Payback Period: 5-8 years
Without grants. With grants, payback can be as low as 3-5 years.
Annual Savings: €800 - €2,000+
Depending on system size and consumption. Savings increase with future electricity price rises.
25-Year Savings: €25,000 - €60,000+
Panels are warranted for 25+ years and continue producing beyond that.
Property Value Increase: 3-5%
Homes with solar systems command higher prices and sell faster.
Calculate Your Savings
Use our free calculator to get a personalized ROI analysis based on your specific consumption, roof characteristics, and energy goals.
Investment Perspective
With average ROI of 12-18% per year, solar is one of the best investments you can make in Cyprus. Compare this to bank savings rates of 1-3% or stock market averages of 7-10%.
Government Grants & Incentives
Financial support available in Cyprus
The Cyprus government offers various schemes to encourage solar adoption:
Current Grant Programs (2025)
Photovoltaic Systems Grant
Up to €375 per kW installed (max €2,250 for 6 kW) for residential systems. Covers approximately 25-35% of total system cost.
Eligibility: Owner-occupied homes, first-time solar installation, system 1-6 kW
Energy Storage (Battery) Grant
Up to €350 per kWh storage capacity (max €3,500 for 10 kWh). Can be combined with PV system grant.
Eligibility: Must be installed with or added to existing PV system
Elderly/Low Income Bonus
Additional €375 grant for elderly pensioners or low-income households.
Eligibility: Age 63+, or income below specified threshold
Note: Grant amounts and eligibility change periodically. Grants are typically available until funds are exhausted each year. Apply early!
How to Apply
Step 1: Get quotes from certified installers (like those on Comparisun)
Step 2: Submit application to Ministry of Energy before installation begins
Step 3: Wait for approval (typically 2-6 weeks)
Step 4: Complete installation with approved installer
Step 5: Submit completion documentation
Step 6: Receive grant payment (typically 2-3 months after completion)
Most installers will assist with the entire grant application process as part of their service.
VAT Considerations
Solar installations in Cyprus are subject to 19% VAT. However, the grant payment is VAT-inclusive, effectively reducing the VAT burden on the portion covered by the grant.
Plan Ahead
Grant budgets can be exhausted within months of opening each year. Monitor the Ministry of Energy website and apply as soon as programs open. Your installer can help you stay informed.
The Installation Process
What to expect when going solar
Professional solar installation in Cyprus typically follows this timeline:
Phase 1: Planning & Design (1-2 weeks)
Site Survey: Installer visits your property to assess roof, shading, and electrical setup
System Design: Custom design based on your energy needs and roof characteristics
Quote & Contract: Detailed proposal with equipment specs, pricing, and timeline
Finance: Arrange payment or financing if needed
Phase 2: Approvals & Permits (2-6 weeks)
Grant Application: Submit to Ministry of Energy (if applicable)
DSO Application: Grid connection approval from Distribution System Operator
Building Permit: Required in some municipalities (installer handles)
Final Approval: Wait for all approvals before installation begins
Phase 3: Installation (1-3 days)
Day 1: Mount installation - secure racking to roof
Day 1-2: Panel installation - attach panels to mounts and wire together
Day 2: Inverter & electrical - install inverter, connect to electrical panel
Day 2-3: Testing & commissioning - verify all systems working correctly
Phase 4: Connection & Activation (1-2 weeks)
DSO Inspection: Grid operator inspects installation
Meter Installation: Bi-directional meter installed for Net Metering/Billing
System Activation: Your system goes live!
Monitoring Setup: Configure app/portal to track production
Total Timeline
From signing contract to system activation: 4-10 weeks on average. Fastest cases complete in 4 weeks, while complex situations or grant applications may take 10-12 weeks.
Tip: Plan installations for spring or fall when installers are less busy. Summer (June-August) is peak season with longer wait times.
During Installation
Professional installers will protect your home, clean up debris daily, and cause minimal disruption. You'll have brief power outages (2-4 hours) when connecting to your electrical panel. Most homeowners can continue daily activities during installation.
Maintenance & Care
Keeping your system running optimally
Solar systems require minimal maintenance, but regular care ensures maximum production and longevity:
Panel Cleaning
Recommended: 2-4 times per year
Why? Cyprus's dry climate means dust and pollen can accumulate, reducing output by 5-15%.
Method: Use soft brush and water (morning or evening). Avoid high-pressure washers or abrasive materials.
Professional cleaning services: €50-150 per service depending on system size and access.
Tip: Rain provides some natural cleaning, but isn't sufficient in Cyprus's dry climate. Schedule cleanings after spring pollen season and after summer dust.
Performance Monitoring
Check monthly (or enable alerts)
Monitor daily/monthly production via your inverter app. Compare to expected output.
Set up alerts for system downtime or unusual drops in production.
System should produce 1,400-1,600 kWh per installed kW annually in Cyprus. Seasonal variation is normal.
Annual Inspection
Visual check of panels, wiring, inverter, and mounting hardware.
Consider professional inspection every 2-3 years (€100-200).
Cracks, discoloration, loose connections, animal nests, corrosion, inverter error codes.
Common Issues & Solutions
Reduced output - Check for shading, soiling, or inverter errors
System offline - Check inverter display, circuit breakers, internet connection
Inverter error - Note error code and contact installer
Physical damage - Document and contact installer immediately
Contact your installer for any issue you can't resolve yourself. Most warranties include free support.
Warranties & Support
Panels: 25-year performance warranty (typically 80% output guaranteed at year 25)
Inverters: 5-15 year warranty (extendable on some models)
Installation: 2-10 year workmanship warranty from installer
Keep all warranty documents and contact information. Register products with manufacturers within specified timeframes.
Maximize Lifespan
Well-maintained solar systems regularly exceed 30-year lifespans. Panels degrade at only 0.3-0.8% per year, meaning after 25 years, quality panels still produce 80-90% of original output. Your investment keeps paying dividends for decades.